Группа Learning Engllish. Транскрипт:  [bad word] /downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/webcast/scripts/insight/tae_insight_09_02bs_080918.pdf

Gary: HIV/AIDS features in news stories almost every day of the year. It’s a subject
that concerns us all – the politicians who lead our countries, health workers of
all kinds and at every level, and, of course, the people infected with HIV, those
who are living with AIDS – and their families.
Clip
VOX [bad word] from people in the field
Gary: In this series, we’re considering the major topics that appear in BBC World
Service news programmes. Today’s “big story” has a medical theme – we focus
on HIV/AIDS.
I’ll be talking to the BBC World Service Science Correspondent and we’ll hear
from a project worker who’s helping fight the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zambia.
We’ll focus on some of the issues and the language behind the topic, and we’ll
look at how the subject is reported in the news.
Clip Richard Black, WS Science Correspondent
Richard: One term – HIV – refers to the [bad word]  the thing that actually causes the disease.
Whereas the other term – AIDS – refers to the disease itself, the set of symptoms which the
patient has.
Gary: BBC World Service Science Correspondent Richard Black.
Clip Richard Black, WS Science Correspondent
Richard: Now, the disease was discovered first. It was then called a syndrome because what
happened was: patients were turning up with a certain collection of symptoms, and when
doctors see this but they don’t know what’s causing the symptoms, they call this a syndrome.
The people were obviously suffering from an immune system that was not working properly –
so hence “immune deficiency syndrome”. And it was obviously something that was not
inherited, they were picking it up, they were acquiring it – hence Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome. Only later on did scientists find out what was actually causing this – and this is
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency [bad word] 
Gary: If someone has AIDS – what does that mean in practical terms?
Richard: What it means basically is that their immune systems, their bodies, cannot fight off
germs [bad word] along – so any bacterium, any [bad word]  any fungus [bad word] along which can
infect them, will infect them, and they will [bad word] sick with it. There are other things that
happen as well, for example, some infections which lead to certain types of cancer are much
more prevalent in people who have AIDS. But that’s basically the idea: the immune system
does not work properly, you cannot fight off infections.
Gary: So what we’re saying here is that you can have HIV without actually having AIDS – is
that right?
Richard: That’s absolutely right. Many people are infected with HIV – sometimes for years
before they show the signs of AIDS.
Gary: What about the terms HIV positive and HIV negative?
Richard: HIV positive simply means that you are infected with HIV – you have the [bad word] 
HIV negative simply means that you don’t.
Gary: HIV is a [bad word] -- the Human Immunodeficiency [bad word]  person infected with
HIV develops AIDS -- or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome – when their
immune system eventually [bad word] too weak – or deficient – to fight off
infections. It’s possible to be infected with the [bad word]  to be HIV positive,
without developing the symptoms of AIDS for many years.
As we’ve heard HIV/AIDS has been described as devastating epidemic – its
impact is far reaching.
Clip Richard Black, WS Science Correspondent
Richard: It is quite simply the disease which is changing the face of [bad word] on
earth – particularly in sub-Saharan Africa but in the future, perhaps, in Asia as well. It is
having such a devastating effect on [bad word] that there are villages really where the
entire middle sector of the population – the young adults, the economically productive people,
the parents – are being removed from the population.
...