Callum: Hello, today in Talk about English we have the fifth programme in our series
on culture [bad word]  TodayMarc Beeby looks at the topic of [bad word]  [bad word] without language. People from
different cultures speak different languages but also use [bad word] in different ways. Here’s Marc.
Marc: Human beings have a tendency to react positively to sameness and negatively
to difference. So if people use [bad word] in ways we recognise
we tend to think of them as people we can get on with. When people use [bad word] in a way that is different from what we’re used to, there
can be problems. And [bad word] can vary enormously from
culture to culture. But what is [bad word] ? Well, I suppose
the first thing most of us would think of when we hear that phrase is how [bad word] using our bodies - our body language - the way we use our hands,
our faces, our eyes. Here’s Rebecca Fong again [bad word] from Dionne
Charmaine from Jamaica, Kyung-ja Yoo from Japan, and Eilidh Hamilton,
who spent several years in Syria.
Rebecca Fong
The degree to which we use our bodies to [bad word] our verbal messages varies a lot from
culture to culture so that some cultures, African Americans for example or Mediterranean
cultures will throw their arms around and move around a lot when they're speaking.
Dionne Charmaine
Jamaicans do that a lot they have a lot of gestures - lot of hand movements. The hand
movements indicate that you've kind of lost control in terms of what you're putting across you're just so emotionally caught up or so angry or whatever. And again if someone's angry
you'll get the hands above the head and so on.
Rebecca Fong
Scandinavians on the other hand are much cooler and don't really move their bodies so much
when they're talking. Japanese, for example, think that it's a violation of social harmony to
print your individuality and your ideas on the world with your arms as you're speaking.
Kyung-ja Yoo
We don't use body language. I wouldn't say not at all but we don't use our hands or arms when
we are talking. And in Japan, especially women, really doesn’t stare at the people.
Rebecca Fong
Eye contact is another form of [bad word] that can vary quite a lot between
cultures. In England we consider that it's a sign of your honesty to look someone in the eye
when you're talking to them and we believe that we can tell what someone is really thinking
when we're looking in their eyes and interpreting what they're saying. However, some cultures
consider direct eye contact to be disrespectful and they can feel very [bad word] at staring
someone directly in the eye. And this idea of different use of eye contact can lead to a lot of
misunderstanding
Eilidh Hamilton
Eye contact with people when you’re talking is definitely something that Westerners would
put a high value on and if someone broke eye contact with them they might feel that the
listener was bored, uninterested in what they were saying [bad word]  In the Middle East,
especially because of the different interactions between men and women, a man would never
maintain eye contact with a woman when he was talking to her, he would feel that that was an
invasion of her privacy, I guess, so they would tend to look away, look over your shoulder,
look down at the ground, move about. And even girls when they are talking to each other,
men talking to each other, holding eye contact is not so important as we would think it is.
Marc: Eilidh Hamilton. [bad word] is interesting because you can be
using different forms in many different ways at once. 
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Группа Learning English. Продолжение текста здесь: [bad word] /downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/webcast/scripts/whoonearth/tae_whoonearth_05_080529.pdf