Franz Liszt's Transcendental Étude No. 4 in minor, "Mazeppa", is the fourth Transcendental Étude, and is a highly difficult and virtuosic staple of the Romantic Era repertoire. It was inspired by Victor Hugo's dramatically morbid poem "Mazeppa", in which a Ukrainian page named Mazeppa is strapped onto a horse and the horse is set free to gallop, resulting in the critical condition of both the horse and Mazeppa. At the end, Mazeppa is crowned king.